Matrices: Rank, Normal form, System of Linear Equations, Linear Dependence and Independence, Linear and Orthogonal Transformations. Eigen values, Eigen Vectors, Cayley – Hamilton Theorem. Application to problems in Engineering (Translation and Rotation of Matrix).

Complex Numbers & Applications: Argand’s Diagram, De'Moivre's theorem and its application to find roots of algebraic equations. Hyperbolic Functions, Inverse Hyperbolic Functions, Logarithm of Complex Numbers, Separation into Real and Imaginary parts, Application to problems in Engineering.

Infinite Series: Infinite Sequences, Infinite Series, Alternating Series, Tests for Convergence, Absolute and Conditional Convergence, Range of Convergence.

Differential Calculus: Successive Differentiation, Leibnitz Theorem.

Expansion of Functions: Taylor's Series and Maclaurin's Series. Differential Calculus: Indeterminate Forms, L' Hospital's Rule, Evaluation of Limits.

Partial Differentiation and Applications: Partial Derivatives, Euler's Theorem on Homogeneous Functions, Implicit functions, Total Derivatives, Change of Independent Variables.

Jacobian: Jacobians and their applications. Errors and Approximations. Maxima and Minima: Maxima and Minima of Functions of two variables, Lagrange's method of undetermined multipliers.

Drafting Technology and Introduction to Any Drafting Software/Package Layout of drawing sheets, sizes of drawing sheets, different types of lines used in drawing practice, Dimensioning – linear, angular, aligned system, unidirectional system, parallel dimensioning, chain dimensioning, location dimension and size dimension. Tolerances – methods of representing tolerances, unilateral and bilateral tolerances, tolerance on linear and angular dimensions, geometrical tolerances. Symbols used on drawing, surface finish symbols, welding symbols. Advantages of using Computer Aided Drafting (CAD) packages, applications of CAD, basic operation of drafting packages, use of various commands for drawing, dimensioning, editing, modifying, saving and printing/plotting the drawings. Introduction to 3D primitives. Curves used in Engineering Practice: Ellipse, Parabola, Hyperbola, normal and tangents to these curves, Involute, Cycloid, Epi-cycloid, Hypo-cycloid, Archimedean Spiral, Helix on cone and cylinder.

Orthographic Projections : Reference planes, types of orthographic projections – First angle projections, Third angle projections, methods of obtaining orthographic views by First angle method, Sectional orthographic projections – full section, half section, offset section.

Auxiliary Projections : Auxiliary planes – Auxiliary Vertical Plane (AVP), Auxiliary Inclined Plane (AIP), symmetrical auxiliary view, unilateral auxiliary view, bilateral auxiliary view.

Isometric Projections : Isometric view, Isometric scale to draw Isometric projection, Non-Isometric lines, construction of Isometric view from given orthographic views and to construct Isometric view of a Pyramid, Cone, Sphere.

Interpretation of Given Views/Missing Views: Identification of lines/edges and surfaces, visualization of given orthographic views, adding a missing/third view, adding a sectional view, to convert a given view in to a sectional view.

Freehand Sketching : FV and TV of standard machine parts – Hexagonal headed nut and bolt, foundation bolts, shafts, keys, couplings, springs, screw thread forms, welded joints, riveted joints.

Solid state and materials chemistry :

Crystallography:-

Unit cell, Bravais lattices, Cubic crystals - CN, APF, radius ratio. Three laws of crystallography, Weiss indices and Miller indices with numericals, X-ray diffraction – Bragg’s Law and numericals. Crystal defects (point and line defects) and their effects on properties of crystals. Zinc sulphide – structure and applications as luminescent. Molecular electronics:-Basic concepts. Study of following molecules for their structures and properties on the basis of orbitals, chemical bonding, band theory, electrical conductivity, applications in electronics such as in diodes, transistors, ICs, photovoltaic devices, sensors etc.

1.  Conductive polymers-polypyrrole, polythiophene

2.  Pure carbon compounds- graphite, single wall and chiral carbon nano-tubes, fullerenes

3.  Liquid crystals

4.  Charge transfer compounds-tetrathiofulvalene.

Volumetric analysis :

Standard solutions and their preparations, various ways of expressing concentrations of solutions, equivalent weights in different types of reactions. Volumetric analysis – acid-base, complexometric, oxidation-reduction, precipitation – with specific examples, theories of indicators used in above titrations, titration curve (acid-base only) numericals on all above.

Polymers :

Definition and important terms: Monomer, Polymer, Polymerization, Degree of polymerization (Dp), Glass transition temperature (Tg), Molecular weight, Polymer dissolution. Classification on the basis of –

a)  Polymerization mechanism – (step and chain polymers , brief mechanism should be explained),

b)  Polymerization reactions – (addition and condensation),

c)  Thermal behaviour–(thermoplastics and thermosetting),

d)  Types of monomers– (homopolymer and copolymer).

Commercial Polymers–Synthesis, properties and applications- Polyethylene (PE), Polypropylene (PP), Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), Polystyrene (PS), Phenol formaldehyde (PF), Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), Epoxy resin .

Compounding of Plastics. Rubbers-Synthesis, structure, properties and applications of

a)   Natural rubber–isolation, Polyisoprene.

b)  Vulcanized rubber-Valcanisation of rubber by sulfur.

c)   Synthetic rubber-Styrene – Butadiene rubber, Silicon rubber and Neoprene rubber.

Speciality polymers –Basic concepts and applications of conductive, liquid crystalline, thermally stable and biodegradable polymers. Polymer composites, Recycling of polymers.

Fuels and combustion :

Fuels : Definition, classification of fuels, calorific value and its units. Determination of calorific value – Bomb calorimeter, Boy’s colorimeter – numericals.

Solid fuels : Coal, classification of coal, proximate and ultimate analysis of coal, numericals based on analysis of coal - Dulong and Goutel formula. types of carbonisation of coal-low temperature and high temperature carbonization.

Liquid fuels : Origin of petroleum, composition of petroleum, refining of petroleum, octane number of petrol, cetane number of diesel, power alcohol, biodiesel.

Gaseous fuels : Composition, properties and applications of natural gas, treatment products such as CNG, LPG, LNG. Hydrogen gas as a fuel, production, properties, storage and transportation. Rocket propellants-characteristics, classification. Combustion : Chemical reactions, calculation on air requirement for combustion – numericals

Corrosion and its prevention :

Corrosion:- Definition, atmospheric corrosion-mechanism, Wet corrosion-mechanism, Electrochemical and galvanic series, Factors affecting corrosion-nature of metal, nature of environment, Pourbaix diagram. Methods of prevention of corrosion-cathodic and anodic protection. Metallic coatings, Electroplating, Hot dipping, blacodizing, powder coating Surface conversion coating.

Water and phase rule :

Water :- Chemical analysis of water-hardness, chloride content, alkalinity- numericals. Ill effect of hard water in steam generation, preventive measures. Softening of water by zeolite-with numericals and ion-exchange process.

Phase rule :- Gibb’s Phase rule and the terms involved in it with examples. One component system – Water and Sulphur. Reduced phase rule. Applications and limitations of phase rule.

Interference and electron Optics Interference:- Interference of waves, Interference due to thin films of uniform (with derivation) and nonuniform thickness (without derivation), Fringe width, Newton’s Rings, Applications of Newton’s Rings for determination of

(i)  wavelength of incident light / radius of curvature of Plano convex lens

(ii)  refractive index of a given liquid; Michelson’s interferometer, applications for determination of

      (i)   wavelength of a monochromatic source

      (ii)   refractive index /thickness of a transparent material; Engineering applications of interference

          (i) Testing of optical flatness of surfaces

          (i) Nonreflecting / Antireflection coatings. Electron Optics :- Motion of an electron in electric (parallel, perpendicular) and magnetic (extensive, limited) fields, crossed fields. Electrostatic and magneto static focusing, Scanning electron microscope (SEM) , Bainbridge mass spectrograph.

Diffraction and ultrasonic

Diffraction : - Diffraction of waves, classes of diffraction, Fraunhoffer diffraction at a single slit (geometrical method), conditions for maxima and minima, Intensity pattern due to a single slit, Plane diffraction grating, conditions for principal maxima and minima, intensity pattern; Resolving power, Resolving power of a grating.

Ultrasonics :- Ultrasonic waves, Piezo-electric effect, Production of ultrasonic waves by Piezoelectric oscillator, Magnetostrictive effect, Production of ultrasonic waves by magnetostrictive oscillator, properties of ultrasonic waves, Applications of ultrasonic waves

(i)   Scientific- Echo sounding, Sound signaling, depth sounding, SONAR, cleaning of dirt etc

(ii)   Engineering –thickness measurement, cavitation, Ultrasonic cleaning, Nondestructive testing, Flaw detection, Soldering, Drilling and welding

(iii)   Medical- for diagnostics and treatment

Polarisation and nuclear physics

Polarisation :- Introduction, production of plane polarised light by refraction (pile of plates), Law of Malus, Double refraction, Huygen’s theory of double refraction, Cases of double refraction of crystal cut with the optic axis lying in the plane of incidence and (i) parallel to the surface (ii) perpendicular to the surface (iii) inclined to the surface, Retardation plates-quarter wave plate (QWP), Half wave plate (HWP); Analytical treatment of light for the production of circularly and elliptically polarised light, Detection of various types of light (PPL, CPL, EPL, Upl, Par PL), Optical activity, Specific rotation, Polaroids

Nuclear Physics :- Nuclear fission in natural Uranium-Chain reaction, Critical size. Nuclear fuels, Wave particle duality and wave equations

Wave Particle Duality :- Wave particle duality of radiation and matter, concept of group velocity and phase velocity; Uncertainty principle, Illustration of electron diffraction at a single slit.

Wave Equations :- Concept of wave function and probability interpretation, Physical significance of the wave function, Schrodinger’s time independent and time dependent wave equations, Applications of Schrodinger’s time independent wave equations to problems of (i) Particle in a rigid box (infinite potential well), Comparison of predictions of classical mechanics with quantum mechanics (ii) Particle in a non-rigid box (finite Potential Well)- Qualitative (results only);

Lasers and superconductivity

Lasers :- Requirement for lasing action (stimulated emission, population inversion, pumping), Characteristics– monochromaticity, coherence, directionality, brightness. Various levels of laser systems with examples (i) Two level laser system- semiconductor laser (ii) Three level laser system- Ruby laser and He-Ne laser.Applications i) Communication systems-fiber optics in brief, ii) Information technology holography-construction, reproduction.

Superconductivity :- Introduction to superconductivity, Properties of superconductors (zero resistance, Meissner effect, critical fields, persistent currents), isotope effect, BCS theory. Type I and type II Super conductors, Applications (super conducting magnets, transmission lines etc), DC and AC Josephson effect

Semiconductor physics and physics of nano particles Semiconductor physics :- Band theory of solids, Classification of solids on the basis of band theory, Types of semiconductors, Introduction to the concept of electrical conductivity, conductivity of conductors and semiconductors. Hall effect and Hall coefficient, Fermi-Dirac probability distribution function, Position of Fermi level in intrinsic semiconductors (with derivation) and in extrinsic semiconductors (variation of Fermi level with temperature (without derivation)), Band structure of PN junction diode under zero bias, forward bias and reverse bias; Transistor working, PNP and NPN on the basis of band diagrams, Photovoltaic effect, working of a solar cell on the basis of band diagrams and Applications.

Physics of Nanoparticles :- Introduction, Nanoparticles, Properties of nanoparticles (optical, electrical, magnetic, structural, mechanical), Brief description of different methods of synthesis of nanoparticles such as physical, chemical, biological, and mechanical. Synthesis of colloids. Growth of nanoparticles, Synthesis of metal nanoparticles by colloidal route, Applications of nanotechnology-electronics, energy, automobiles, space and defence, medical, environmental, textile, cosmetics.

General:

Concepts of emf., p.d. and current, resistance, effect of temperature on resistance. resistance temperature coefficient, insulation resistance. S.I. units of work, power and energy. Conversion of energy from one form to another in electrical, mechanical and thermal systems. batteries and cells, their types, primary cells and secondary cells, Lead Acid, Ni-Cd and Ni-MH batteries, current capacity and cell ratings. charging , importance of initial charging and discharging of batteries. series and parallel battery connections, maintenance procedure. D.C.Circuits: Classification of electrical networks, Ohm's law, Kirchhoff’s law and their applications for network solutions. Simplifications of networks using series and parallel combinations and star-delta conversions, Superposition theorem, Thevenin’s theorem and maximum power transfer theorem.

Electromagnetism:

Magnetic effect of an electric current, cross and dot conventions, right hand thumb rule and cork screw rule, nature of magnetic field of long straight conductor, solenoid and toroid. concept of m.m.f., flux, flux density, reluctance, permeability and field strength, their units and relationships. simple series and parallel magnetic circuits, comparison of electrical and magnetic circuit, force on current carrying conductors placed in magnetic field, Fleming’s left hand rule. Faradays laws of electromagnetic induction, statically and dynamically induced e.m.f., self and mutual inductance, coefficient of couplings. energy stored in magnetic field.

Electrostatics and AC fundamentals:

A)   Electrostatics field, electric flux density, electric field strength, absolute permittivity, relative permittivity, capacitance and capacitor, composite dielectric capacitors, capacitors in series and parallel, energy stored in capacitors, charging and discharging of capacitors and time constant.

B) Sinusoidal voltages and currents, their mathematical and graphical representation, Concept of instantaneous, peak(maximum), average and r.m.s. values, frequency , cycle, period, peak factor and form factor, phase difference ,lagging, leading and in phase quantities and phasor representation. rectangular and polar representation of phasors.

Single phase A.C. Circuits:

Study of A.C. circuits consisting of pure resistance, pure inductance, pure capacitance and corresponding voltage-current phasor diagrams and waveforms. Development of concept of reactance, study of series R-L, R-C, R-L-C circuit and resonance, study of parallel R-L, R-C and R-L-C circuit, concept of impedance , admittance, conductance and susceptance in case of above combinations and relevant voltage-current phasor diagrams, concept of active, reactive and apparent power and power factor.

Polyphase A.C.Circuits and Single phase Transformers:

A)   Polyphase A.C.Circuits: Concept of three-phase supply and phase sequence. voltages, currents and power relations in three phase balanced star-connected loads and delta-connected loads along with phasor diagrams.

B)   Single phase transformers: Construction, principle of working, e.m.f. equation, voltageand current ratios. losses, definition of regulation and efficiency, determination of these by direct loading method. descriptive treatment of autotransformers and dimmerstats.

Introduction to Civil Engineering

a)   Role of Civil Engineer in the construction of buildings, dams, expressways and infrastructure projects for 21st century. Importance of an interdisciplinary approach in engineering.

b) Basic Areas in Civil Engineering Surveying, Construction Engineering, Project Management, Transportation Engineering, Fluid Mechanics, Irrigation Engineering, Structural Engineering, Geotechnical and Foundation Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Quantity Surveying, Earthquake Engineering, Infrastructure Development, Town Planning, Remote Sensing.

Materials and Construction

a)   Use of basic materials cement, bricks, stone, natural and artificial sand, Reinforcing Steel-Mild, Tor and High Tensile Steel. Concrete types - PCC, RCC Prestressed and Precast. Introduction to smart materials. Recycling of materials.

b)   Substructure-Function of Foundations, (Only concepts of settlement and Bearing capacity of soils.) Types of shallow foundations, (only concept of friction and end bearing pile).

c)   Superstructure - Types of loads :- DL and LL, wind loads, earthquake considerations. Types of Construction-Load Bearing, Framed, Composite. Fundamental requirements of masonary.

d)   Introduction to automation in construction:- Concept, need, examples related to different civil engineering projects.

Uses of maps and field surveys

a)   Various types of maps and their uses. Principles of survey. Modern survey methods using levels, Theodolite, EDM, lasers, total station and GPS. Introduction to digital mapping. Measuring areas from maps using digital planimeter.

b)   Conducting simple and differential levelling for setting out various benchmarks, determining the elevations of different points and preparation of contour maps. Introduction to GIS Software and other surveying softwares with respect to their capabilities and application areas.

Ecology and Eco System

a)   Concept of Environment - biotic and abiotic factors. Concept of the ecological cycle. Impact of the human behaviour and the technological advancements on the environment. Need for conserving natural resources and preserving the environment. Engineer's role in achieving sustainable development. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA).

b)   Introduction to solid waste management, Disposal of electronic wastes.

Planning for the Built Environment

a)   Concept of an integrated built environment-natural and manmade. Principles of planning, viz. Aspect, Prospect, Roominess, Grouping, Privacy, Circulation, Sanitation, Orientation, Economy. Role of by-laws in regulating the environment.

b)   Use of various eco-friendly materials in construction. Concept of green buildings.

Energy and Environmental Pollution

a)   Types of energy:- conventional and non-conventional. Need for harnessing alternative energies to meet the increased demand. Methods of harnessing energies.

b)   Sources, causes, effects and remedial measures associated with

   1. Air Pollution

   2.Water treatment :- Objective, drinking water standards, pollution,introduction to waste water treatment.

   3. Noise Pollution

   4. Land Pollution

Drafting Technology and Introduction to Any Drafting Software/Package Layout of drawing sheets, sizes of drawing sheets, different types of lines used in drawing practice, Dimensioning – linear, angular, aligned system, unidirectional system, parallel dimensioning, chain dimensioning, location dimension and size dimension. Tolerances – methods of representing tolerances, unilateral and bilateral tolerances, tolerance on linear and angular dimensions, geometrical tolerances. Symbols used on drawing, surface finish symbols, welding symbols. Advantages of using Computer Aided Drafting (CAD) packages, applications of CAD, basic operation of drafting packages, use of various commands for drawing, dimensioning, editing, modifying, saving and printing/plotting the drawings. Introduction to 3D primitives. Curves used in Engineering Practice : Ellipse, Parabola, Hyperbola, normal and tangents to these curves, Involute, Cycloid, Epi-cycloid, Hypo-cycloid, Archimedean Spiral, Helix on cone and cylinder.

Orthographic Projections : Reference planes, types of orthographic projections – First angle projections, Third angle projections, methods of obtaining orthographic views by First angle method, Sectional orthographic projections – full section, half section, offset section.

Auxiliary Projections : Auxiliary planes – Auxiliary Vertical Plane (AVP), Auxiliary Inclined Plane (AIP), symmetrical auxiliary view, unilateral auxiliary view, bilateral auxiliary view.

Isometric Projections : Isometric view, Isometric scale to draw Isometric projection, Non-Isometric lines, construction of Isometric view from given orthographic views and to construct Isometric view of a Pyramid, Cone, Sphere.

Interpretation of Given Views/Missing Views : Identification of lines/edges and surfaces, visualization of given orthographic views, adding a missing/third view, adding a sectional view, to convert a given view in to a sectional view.

Freehand Sketching FV and TV of standard machine parts – Hexagonal headed nut and bolt, foundation bolts, shafts, keys, couplings, springs, screw thread forms, welded joints, riveted joints.

Projections of Point and Line Projections of points, projections of lines, lines inclined to one reference plane, lines inclined to both reference planes. (Lines in First Quadrant Only) Traces of lines, Distance between skew lines.

Projections of Planes Projection of planes, angle between two planes, distance of a point from a given plane, inclination of the plane with HP and VP, True shape of a plane surface.

Projections of Solids Projections of solids inclined to one reference plane, inclined to both the reference planes, projections of cube, right regular prisms, right regular pyramids, right circular cylinder, right circular cone, tetrahedron, frustum of solids.

Sections of Solids Types of section planes, projections of above solids cut by different section planes, True shape of cut surfaces.

Development of Lateral Surfaces (DLS) of Solids. Applications of DLS, method of development, development of lateral surface of above solids, development of lateral surface of cut solids.

Resultant of coplanar force system

A. Principle of statics, Force systems, Resolution and composition of forces, Resultant of concurrent forces.

B. Moment of a force, Couple, Varignon’s theorem, Equivalent force couple system, Resultant of parallel and general force system. Distributed forces, Centroid of plane lamina and wire bends.

Equilibrium of Force system

A. Free body diagram, Equilibrium of concurrent, parallel and general forces in a plane, Equilibrium of three forces in a plane, Types of beams, simple and compound beams, type of supports and reaction.

B. Resultant and Equilibrium of concurrent and parallel forces in a Space.

Analysis of structure and friction

A. Two force member, Analysis of plane trusses by method of joint and method of section, cables subjected to point loads. Multi force member, Plane frames.

B. Friction - Application of friction on inclined plane, wedges, ladders and flat belt.

(Dynamics)

motion of particles

A. Kinematics- Basic concepts, Equations of motion for constant acceleration and motion under gravity, Variable acceleration, Motion curves, Relative motion and dependant motion.

B. Kinetics- Newton’s second law of motion and its applications.

Curvilinear motion of particles

A. Kinematics-Basic concepts, Equation of motion in cartesian, path and polar coordinate, Motion of projectile.

B. Kinetics-Newton’s second law of motion. Motion in cartesian and path coordinate of a particle.

Work energy and impulse momentum principle for particle

A. Work, Power, Energy, conservative forces & Potential Energy , Conservation of energy, Work energy principle for motion of particle.

B. Linear Impulse & Momentum, Conservation of momentum, Direct central impact and coefficient of restitution, Impuse momentum principle.

1. Diodes & Circuits

PN junction diode, V -I characteristics, Diode as rectifier, Specifications of rectifier diodes, HW, FW, Bridge rectifiers, Equations for 'DC, VDc, Vrms, Irms, Efficiency & ripple factor for each configuration. Capacitor filter, ripple factor. Zener diode- Characteristics, Specifications, Zener voltage regulator. LED -Characteristics, Configurations -Discrete, seven segment, bar graph, matrix. Concept of multiplexed display.

2. Semiconductor devices & applications

Characteristics & specifications of BJT, FET & MOSFET (enhancement type). CE, CB, CC configurations, a, 13, concept of gain & BW. Operation of BJT in cut-off, saturation & active regions (DC analysis). BJT as switch. Single stage BJT amplifier. MOSFET as switch. Power semiconductor devices -SCR, DIAC, TRIAC-construction, characteristics & specifications, list of applications.

3. OP AMPS and applications

Block diagram, parameters of ideal & practical op amp. Concept of negative & positive feedback, advantages of negative feedback. Applications -Inverting, non inverting, difference, summing, differentiator, integrator, V -I, I -V converters. Op amp waveform generator -sine, square & triangular.

4. Digital Electronics

CMOS NOT, NAND, NOR, AND, OR, EXOR gates, De Morgan's theorem. Technologies-SSI, MSI, LSI, VLSI. Half adder, full adder, mux, demux, D flip flop, shift registers, counters. Block diagram of Microprocessor & Microcontroller. Advantages of using them.

5. Industrial applications

Transducers for -Temperature, level, displacement, pressure. Range, specifications, Limitations & applications. Block diagrams of -Digital thermometer, weighing machine. Introduction & block diagram of -Two wire transmitter, PID controller, data logger, alarm annunciator, CNC machine, PLC.

6. Communication systems

An overview of -Analog, digital, wired & wireless communication systems. IEEE frequency spectrum. Need for modulation, AM & FM techniques, modulation index. Block diagram of -AM & FM Transmitter, Superheterodyne receiver, mobile communication. Communication media -Wireless, Cables -Coaxial, Twisted, Flat, Fibre optic. RG standards of cables.

Thermodynamics Thermodynamic work, p-dV work in various processes, p-V representation of various thermodynamic processes and cycles Ideal gas equations, Properties of pure substance, Statements of I and II laws of thermodynamics and their applications in Mechanical Engineering. Carnot cycle for Heat engine, Refrigerator and Heat pump.

Energy conversion devices (Theoretical study using schematic diagrams only) Package Boiler, Turbine(Impulse & Reaction turbine, Gas turbine, Hydraulic turbines), Working principle and applications of Reciprocating I.C. engines, Air motor. Reciprocating pumps (single acting & double acting), reciprocating compressor, rotary compressors, fans, blowers, Study of household refrigerator, window air conditioner, split air conditioner Ratings and selection criteria of above devices. Refrigerants and their impact on environment.

Heat Transfer Statement and explanation of Fourier’s law of heat conduction, Newton;s law of cooling, Stefan Boltzmann’s law. Conducting and insulating materials and their properties. Selection of heat sink and heat source. Power Plants ( Description with Block Diagrams) Thermal, Hydroelectric, Nuclear and Solar-Wind Hybrid Power Plants.

Machine elements: Power transmission shafts, axles, keys, bush and ball bearings, Flywheel and Governors. Power Transmission Devices Types of Belts and belt drives, Chain drive, Types of gears, Types of Couplings, friction clutch (cone and single plate), brakes (types and applications only) Applications of these devices. Mechanisms:.(Descriptive treatment only) Slider crank mechanism, Four bar chain mechanism, List of various inversions of Four bar chain mechanism, Geneva mechanism, Ratchet and Paul mechanism

Materials Used in Engineering and their Applications Metals – Ferrous and Non-Ferrous, Nonmetallic materials, Material selection criteria Design considerations Steps in Design Introduction to manufacturing processes and Their Applications: Casting, Sheet metal forming, Sheet metal cutting, Forging, Fabrication, Metal joining processes.

Machine Tools (Basic elements, Working principle and types of operations) Lathe Machine – Centre Lathe Drilling Machine – Study of Pillar drilling machine Introduction to NC and CNC machines Grinding machine, Power saw, Milling Machine.